Tag: SQL

Database, Errors and Bugs, SQL | PLSQL

CREATE MVIEW: ORA-12014: table does not contain a primary key constraint

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Ok, you are trying to create a materialized view involving a database link and found a ORA-12014, right?

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW &OWNER..MVW_NAME
REFRESH FORCE ON DEMAND
AS SELECT COL1, COL2, COL3 FROM TABLE@REMOTE_DB;
 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12014: table 'TABLE' does not contain a primary key constraint
SQL>

It blowed me sometime ago. But it’s not complicated to workaround it, just try to:

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW &OWNER..MVW_NAME
REFRESH FORCE ON DEMAND AS
select * from (SELECT COL1, COL2, COL3 FROM TABLE@REMOTE_DB);

An alternative is to use MV log + WITH ROWID on REMOTE_DB side:

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG MVW_LOG_NAME
ON TABLE WITH ROWID;

And

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW &OWNER..MVW_NAME
REFRESH FORCE ON DEMAND WITH ROWID
AS SELECT COL1, COL2, COL3 FROM MVW_LOG_NAME@REMOTE_DB;

PS: Make sure username used in remote_db database link has select privileges on MV log. On source db issue:

SELECT LOG_TABLE FROM DBA_MVIEW_LOGS WHERE LOG_OWNER='OWNER' AND MASTER = 'TABLE';

This will give you MV log table name. On target side issue:

SELECT * FROM MVW_LOG_NAME@remote_db;

See ya!
Matheus.

Database, Errors and Bugs, Security, SQL | PLSQL

ORA-28004: invalid argument for function specified in PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION

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An unexpected error, right?

SQL> CREATE PROFILE TEST_PROF LIMIT
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 5
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 30
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 15
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION fnc_validation;
CREATE PROFILE TEST_PROF LIMIT
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28004: invalid argument for function specified in PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION FNC_VALIDATION

That is a simple need. You have to use 3 parameters on function: username varchar2, password varchar2, old_password varchar2.

Matheus.

Database, Errors and Bugs, Performance, SQL | PLSQL

Lock by DBLink – How to locate the remote session?

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And if you identify a lock or other unwanted operation by a DBLink session, how to identify the original session in remote database (origin dabatase)?
The one million answer is simple: by process of v$session. By the way, looks like is easier than find the local process (spid)… Take a look in my example (scripts in the end of post):

dest> @sid
Sid:10035
Inst:1
SEQ# EVENT MODULE STATUS SID SERIAL# INST_ID
----- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
29912 SQL*Net message from client oracle@origin2(TNS V1-V3) INACTIVE 10035 35 1
dest> @spid
SPID SID PID PROCESS_FOR_DB_LINK MACHINE LOGON_TIME
------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- -----------
16188960 10035 882 17302472 origin2 24/08/2015 07:43:40

Now I know the sid 10035 refers to local process 16188960 and the process on origin database is 17302472. What I do what I want if this process:

root@origin2:/oracle/diag/rdbms/origin/origin2/trace>ps -ef |grep 17302472
grid 17302472 1 97 07:42:42 - 5:58 oracleorigin2 (LOCAL=NO)
root 24445782 36700580 0 08:05:45 pts/3 0:00 grep 17302472

What include to locae the session in the database by spid, see the sql, and etecetera:

origin> @spid2
Enter value for process: 17302472
SID SERIAL# USERNAME OSUSER PROGRAM STATUS
------- ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- ----------
7951 41323 USER_XPTO scheduler_user sqlplus@scheduler_app.domain.net (TNS V1-V3) ACTIVE
database2> @sid
Sid:7951
Inst: 2
SQL_ID SEQ# EVENT MODULE STATUS SID SERIAL# INST_ID
---------- ----- --------- ------- --------- ----- ------ ----------
1w1wz2mdunya1 56778 db file sequential read REMOTE_LOAD ACTIVE 7951 41323 2

That’s OK?
Simple isn’t?

The used Scripts (except the “sid”, that is a simple SQL on gv$session):

Get SPID and PROCESS FOR DBLINK from a SID:

# spid:
col machine format a30
col process format 999999
select p.spid,b.sid, p.pid, b.process as process_for_db_link, machine, logon_time
from v$session b, v$process p
where b.paddr=p.addr
and sid=&sid
/

Get SID from SPID:

#spid2:
SELECT s.sid, s.serial#, s.username,
s.osuser, s.program, s.status,
FROM v$session s, v$process p
WHERE s.paddr = p.addr
AND p.spid IN (&process);
/

See ya!
Matheus.

Database, Performance, SQL | PLSQL

DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS

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Do you know the view “dba_tab_modifications”?
It’s very useful to know what has changed since the last stats gathering of a table and all decision/information that comes with… See the example below..

The only need is to run “dbms_stats.flush_database_monitoring_info” before cheking… take a look:

mydb> create TABLE matheus_boesing.test (nro number);
Table created.
mydb> begin
2 for i in 1..1000 loop
3 insert into matheus_boesing.test values (i);
4 end loop;
5 commit;
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
mydb> select table_owner,table_name,inserts,updates,deletes from dba_tab_modifications where table_name ='test' and table_owner='MATHEUS_BOESING';
no rows selected
mydb> exec dbms_stats.flush_database_monitoring_info;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
mydb> select table_owner,table_name,inserts,updates,deletes from dba_tab_modifications where table_name ='test' and table_owner='MATHEUS_BOESING';
TABLE_OWNER TABLE_NAME INSERTS UPDATES DELETES
---------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MATHEUS_BOESING test 1000 0 0

mydb> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('MATHEUS_BOESING','test');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
mydb> select table_owner,table_name,inserts,updates,deletes from dba_tab_modifications where table_name ='test' and table_owner='MATHEUS_BOESING';
no rows selected

For more information: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14237/statviews_4149.htm

Have a nice day! 😀
Matheus.

Backup and Restore, Database, Shell Scripts, Tools

Date Format in RMAN: Making better!

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I know…
The date format on RMAN it’s not good, but it’s to make it better. Take a look:

db-server>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 12 11:00:59 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MYDB (DBID=1286311368)
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
541 Incr 1 17.80M DISK 00:00:01 12-AUG-15
BP Key: 541 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: BKPINCR_LV1_20150812_0923
Piece Name: +DGFRA/MYDB/backupset/2015_08_12/ncnnn1_bkpincr_lv1_20150812_0923_0.4613.887534683
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 7301745 Ckp time: 12-AUG-15
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.

I’ts a simple NLS export on SO before access RMAN:

db-server>export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss';
db-server>rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 12 11:05:57 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MYDB (DBID=1286311368)
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
541 Incr 1 17.80M DISK 00:00:01 2015/08/12 09:24:42
BP Key: 541 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: BKPINCR_LV1_20150812_0923
Piece Name: +DGFRA/MYDB/backupset/2015_08_12/ncnnn1_bkpincr_lv1_20150812_0923_0.4613.887534683
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 7301745 Ckp time: 2015/08/12 09:24:41

Matheus.

Database, Migration | Upgrades | Patching, SQL | PLSQL

Sqlplus: Connect without configure TNSNAMES

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Okey, you must to know, but is always useful to remmember that… If you don’t want to configure your TNSNAMES, you can connect directly to description of your database. This way:

sqlplus> conn matheus_boesing@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=mydb.domain.net)(PORT=1531)))(CONNECT_DATA=(service_name=mydb)))
Enter password: ********
Connected.
sqlplus>

Based on this, I made two scripts, to connect with the sid (c.sql) or with the service_name (s.sql) and make my life easier. Here the scripts:

sqlplus>get c
1 DEFINE VHOST = &1.
2 DEFINE VPORT = &2.
3 DEFINE VSID = &3.
4 DEFINE VDESC='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=&VHOST)(PORT=&VPORT)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=&VSID)(server=dedicated)))'
5 disconnect
6 connect matheus_boesing@&&VDESC
7 set linesize 1000
8 set sqlprom '&&VSID> '
9 select instance_name, host_name
10 from v$instance;
11 exec dbms_application_info.SET_MODULE('MATHEUS_BOESING','DBA');
12 alter session set nls_date_format='DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
13 UNDEFINE VDESC
14 UNDEFINE 1
15 UNDEFINE 2
16* UNDEFINE 3
sqlplus>get s
1 DEFINE VHOST = &1.
2 DEFINE VPORT = &2.
3 DEFINE VSID = &3.
4 DEFINE VDESC='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=&VHOST)(PORT=&VPORT)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=&VSID)(server=dedicated)))'
5 prompt &VDESC
6 disconnect
7 connect matheus_boesing@&&VDESC
8 set linesize 1000
9 set sqlprom '&&VSID> '
10 select instance_name, host_name
11 from v$instance;
12 exec dbms_application_info.SET_MODULE('MATHEUS_BOESING','DBA');
13 alter session set nls_date_format='DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
14 UNDEFINE VDESC
15 UNDEFINE 1
16 UNDEFINE 2
17* UNDEFINE 3
sqlplus>

It can be used like this:

sqlplus>@s mydb.domain.net 1531 mydb
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=mydb.domain.net)(PORT=1531)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=mydb)(server=dedicated)))
Enter password: ********
Connected.

Ok, but, let’s suppose you are working in a cluster and wants to connect directly to the another instance. I made the script below (ci.sql). It’s not beautiful, but is a lot hopeful:

sqlplus> get ci
1 DEFINE VINT = &1.
2 undefine VHOST
3 undefine VSID
4 VARIABLE VCONN varchar2(100)
5 PRINT ret_val
6 BEGIN
7 SELECT '@c '||host_name||' 1521 '||INSTANCE_NAME
8 INTO :VCONN
9 FROM gv$instance where INSTANCE_NUMBER=&VINT;
10 END;
11 /
12 set head off;
13 spool auxcon.sql
14 prompt set head on;
15 print :VCONN
16 prompt set head on;
17 spool off;
18* @auxcon
sqlplus>

As you see, you inform the inst_id you want to connect. It can be used like:

mydb> @instance
INSTANCE_NAME
------------------------------
mydb_2
mydb> @instances
INST_NUMBER INST_NAME
----------- ---------------------------------------
1 db2srvr2p.grepora.net:mydb_1
2 db1srvr1p.grepora.net:mydb_2
mydb> @ci 1
@c db2srvr2p.grepora.net 1521 mydb_1
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Enter password: ********
Connected.
mydb_1> @instance
INSTANCE_NAME
------------------------------
mydb_1

These scripts use to help me a lot on daily basis, and it’s exclusive.
I couldn’t find anything like this so far. So, I made it. 🙂

Matheus.

ASM, Database, Enterprise Manager, SQL | PLSQL

ASM: Disk Size Imbalance Query

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It can be useful if you work frequently with OEM metrics…

# OEM’s Query

SELECT file_num, MAX(extent_count) max_disk_extents, MIN(extent_count)
min_disk_extents
, MAX(extent_count) - MIN(extent_count) disk_extents_imbalance
FROM (SELECT number_kffxp file_num, disk_kffxp disk_num, COUNT(xnum_kffxp)
extent_count
FROM x$kffxp
WHERE group_kffxp = 1
AND disk_kffxp != 65534
GROUP BY number_kffxp, disk_kffxp
ORDER BY number_kffxp, disk_kffxp)
GROUP BY file_num
HAVING MAX(extent_count) - MIN(extent_count) > 5
ORDER BY disk_extents_imbalance DESC;

# Matheus’ Query

select max(free_mb) biggest, min(free_mb) lowest, avg(free_mb) AVG,
trunc(GREATEST ((avg(free_mb)*100/max(free_mb)),(min(free_mb)*100/avg(free_mb))),2)||'%' as balanced,
trunc(100-(GREATEST ((avg(free_mb)*100/max(free_mb)),(min(free_mb)*100/avg(free_mb)))),2)||'%' as inbalanced
from v$asm_disk
where group_number in
(select group_number from v$asm_diskgroup where name = upper('&DG'));

I made my own query for two reasons:
1) I didn’t have the OEM query in the time i made it.
2) My query measures the imbalance with the avg of the disks (if every disk would balanced, how would be the difference), rather than the real/present difference between the disk with the maximum and the minimum usage…

So, you can chose the one you need… 🙂

Matheus.

Database, Errors and Bugs

ORA-01548: active rollback segment found, terminate

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# Problem

SQL> drop tablespace UNDOTBS1;
drop tablespace UNDOTBS1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01548: active rollback segment '_SYSSMU10_1251904955$' found, terminate dropping tablespace
SQL> drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU3_1251904955$";
Rollback segment dropped.
SQL> drop tablespace UNDOTBS1;
drop tablespace UNDOTBS1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01548: active rollback segment '_SYSSMU10_1251904955$' found, terminate dropping tablespace


# Solution

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb1 STORAGE(INITIAL 1M next 1M minextents 20) tablespace UNDOTBS5;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb2 STORAGE(INITIAL 1M next 1M minextents 20) tablespace UNDOTBS5;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rb3 STORAGE(INITIAL 1M next 1M minextents 20) tablespace UNDOTBS5;

# Why?
The UNDO_MANAGEMENT is set as ‘MANUAL’, right? To drop any undo the default UNDO must have at least one segment.

Matheus.

Database, Performance, SQL | PLSQL

Application Looping Until Lock a Row with NOWAIT Clause

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Yesterday I treated an interesting situation:
A BATCH stayed on “SQL*Net message from client” event but the last_call_et was always on 1 or 0. Seems OK, with some client contention to send the commands to the DBMS, right? Nope.

It was caused by a loop in the application code “waiting” for a row lock but without “DBMS waiting events” (something like “select * from table for update nowait”). Take a look in how it was identified below.

First the session with no SQL_ID, no wait events and last_Call_et=0 of a “BATH_PROCESS” user:

proddb2> @sid
Sid:9796
Inst:
LAST_CALL_ET SQL_ID   EVENT STATUS SID SERIAL# INST_ID USERNAME
------------ ------- ------------- ---------- ------------------------
0 SQL*Net message from client INACTIVE 9796 45117 2 BATCH_PROCESS
proddb2> @trace
Enter value for sid: 9796
Enter value for serial: 45117
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

As you see, with no idea about what is happening, I started a trace. The trace was stuck with this:

*** 2015-06-15 14:03:25.755
WAIT #4574470448: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela=993072 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833326636999
CLOSE #4574470448:c=10,e=15,dep=0,type=3,tim=12833326637228
PARSE #4574470448:c=25,e=41,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=1139820409,tim=12833326637286
BINDS #4574470448:
Bind#0
oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
oacflg=01 fl2=1000000 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
kxsbbbfp=110a8d0d8 bln=22 avl=05 flg=05
value=5022011
WAIT #4574470448: nam='gc cr block 2-way' ela= 709 p1=442 p2=5944 p3=8483 obj#=0 tim=12833326638533
WAIT #4574470448: nam='gc cr block 2-way' ela= 541 p1=3 p2=2088264 p3=4367 obj#=0 tim=12833326639352
WAIT #4574470448: nam='gc cr block 2-way' ela= 651 p1=442 p2=5944 p3=8483 obj#=0 tim=12833326641673
WAIT #4574470448: nam='enq: TX - row lock contention' ela= 1093 name|mode=1415053318 usn<obj#=23141074 tim=12833326643029
EXEC #4574470448:c=1776,e=5836,p=0,cr=117,cu=1,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=1139820409,tim=12833326643150
ERROR #4574470448:err=54 tim=12833326643172
WAIT #4574470448: nam='SQL*Net break/reset to client' ela= 9 driver id=1413697536 break?=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833326643373
WAIT #4574470448: nam='SQL*Net break/reset to client' ela= 503 driver id=1413697536 break?=0 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833326643891
WAIT #4574470448: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 2 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833326643915

AHÁ!
Did you see the “err=54” there? Yes. You know this error:

ORA-00054: Resource busy and acquire with NOWAIT specified

It’s caused by a SELECT FOR UPDATE NOWAIT in the code.
But, this select is in a loop, so the session don’t go ahead until have it.
(Obviously it could be coded with some treatment/better logic for this loop and errors, buuuut…)

What can we do now?
The easy way is to discover the holding session and kill it.
And sometimes the easy way is the best way. 😉

For that, we use the “obj#” and “value”, also bolded in the trace.
As I know the application, I know that the used field in all “where clauses” is the “RECNO” column. But if you don’t, it’s needed to discover. With this information in mind:

proddb2>select * from dba_objects where object_id='23141074';
OWNER OBJECT_NAME
------------------------------ ----------------
OWNER_EXAMPLE TABLE_XPTO
proddb2> select * from OWNER_EXAMPLE.TABLE_XPTO WHERE recno=5022011;
COL_KEY FSAMED0 FSAMED1 FSMNEG1 FSMNEG2 FSMNEG3 COL_DATE RECNO
------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----
1002974 0 0 -516.8 0 0 15/06/2015 00:00:00 5022011

Ok, I know the row that is holded by the other session.
Let’s discover which session is causing a lock by myself (but in my case, without “NOWAIT” clause, to have time to find the holder):

proddb5>select * from OWNER_EXAMPLE.TABLE_XPTO WHERE recno=5022011 for update;

In another sqlplus session:

proddb2> @me
INST_ID SID SERIAL# USERNAME EVENT BLOCKING_SE BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKING_INSTANCE
------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------------------
5 14174 479 MATHEUS_BOESING enq:TX - row lock contention VALID 11006 1
2 4233 12879 MATHEUS_BOESING PX Deq: Execution Msg NOT IN WAIT
1 15410 7697 MATHEUS_BOESING PX Deq: Execution Msg NOT IN WAIT

AHÁ again!
The SID 11006. Let’s see who is there:

proddb2> @sid
Sid:11006
Inst:
SQL_ID SEQ# EVENT STATUS SID SERIAL# INST_ID USERNAME
-------------------- ---------- --------------------------------------
9jzm6vn5j06js 24919 enq: TX - row lock contention ACTIVE 11006 44627 1 DBLINK_OTHER_BATCH_SCHEMA

Ok, it’s another session of a different batch process in a remote database holding this row. As it’s less relevant, lets kill! Muahaha!
Then, you’ll see, my session get the lock and is in the middle of a transaction:

proddb1> @kill
***
sid : 11006
serial : 44627
***
System altered.
***
proddb1> @me
INST_ID SID SERIAL# USERNAME EVENT BLOCKING_SE BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKING_INSTANCE
------- ---------- ---------- --------------- --------------------
5 14174 479 MATHEUS_BOESING transaction UNKNOWN
2 4332 56037 MATHEUS_BOESING PX Deq: Execution Msg NOT IN WAIT
1 12058 9 MATHEUS_BOESING class slave wait NO HOLDER

To release the “row locked” to my principal process, lets suicide (kill my own session, this case, that is holding the row lock right now).

proddb5> @kill
***
sid : 14174
serial : 479
***
System altered.
***

After kill all the holding sessions, my BATCH_PROCESS just gone! 😀
Take a look on the trace (running ok):

WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 3 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981531019
FETCH #4576933904:c=45,e=71,p=0,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=5,dep=0,og=1,plh=419358542,tim=12833981531062
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 562 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981531654
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 3 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981531788
FETCH #4576933904:c=55,e=86,p=0,cr=2,cu=0,mis=0,r=5,dep=0,og=1,plh=419358542,tim=12833981531826
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 715 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981532576
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 4 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981532721
FETCH #4576933904:c=61,e=96,p=0,cr=2,cu=0,mis=0,r=5,dep=0,og=1,plh=419358542,tim=12833981532758
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 600 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981533617
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 3 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981534163
FETCH #4576933904:c=52,e=82,p=0,cr=2,cu=0,mis=0,r=5,dep=0,og=1,plh=419358542,tim=12833981534203
WAIT #4576933904: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 517 driver id=1413697536 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=23141074 tim=12833981534752

Now, with the problem solved, lets disable the trace and continue the other daily tasks… 🙂

proddb2> @untrace
Enter value for sid: 9796
Enter value for serial: 45117
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

I hope it was useful!
If helped you, make a comment! 😀

See ya!
Matheus.